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A soil bin is a specialized testing apparatus designed to study and measure soil behavior under controlled conditions. It is particularly useful for evaluating soil forces and soil disturbance caused by various implements and tools. Here are its primary uses:
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SOIL BIN testing system is used for the measurement of soil forces and soil disturbance by using soil test equipment and a control unit on the field. INDOOR SOIL BIN testing facility is the system used for measurement of soil characteristics before and after tool operation of different types of agricultural implements inside a well-controlled compact closed laboratory premises to obtain most accurate results. It also enables to measure the soil temperature, pressure, conductivity and porosity of soil.
SOIL BIN System consists of Stationary Concrete Soil Bin with steel railings tracks with an implement carriage system and implement carriage sub system with a tool bar attached with various implements is designed to run on the railings which horizontal surface width was compatible with the running wheels of the implement carriage.
Filled with clay loam soil is prepared to the desired test conditions before each test run. Initially, the soil surface is loosened to at least 150 mm depth with a small cultivator (connected to the soil bin carriage) and then the surface is levelled with a small carriage leveler. The instrumentation devices and control system developed with load cells and load cell amplifiers for the measurement of soil/tool interaction forces and moments. The proposed soil bin with AVS drive system & computerized data monitoring have following specifications.
The complete test rig consists of soil bin itself, the soil processing unit (levelling blade, rollers, excavator etc.), instrumentation system for the measurement of soil forces and soil disturbance, soil test equipment and a control unit.
A sub-surface concrete pit with dimension of 18.0 x 2.0 x 1.2 m of length, width and depth, respectively.
The steel rails (two in number) are , run parallel to each other along the whole length of the bin. They are made from steel angle sections 150 x 150 x 10 mm and installed on concrete shoulder of the bin by means of drilled holes (on the railings) 12 mm diameter countersunk at 60 degrees at 1.0 m intervals. The implement carriage is designed to run on the railings which horizontal surface width is compatible with the running wheels of the implement carriage.
The soil bin is filled with clay loam-soil classification. The soil in the bin is prepared to the desired test conditions before each test run. Initially, the soil surface is loosened to at least 150 mm depth with a small cultivator (connected to the soil bin carriage) and then the surface is leveled with a small carriage leveler.
Concrete Soil Bin (LxWxD): 19.0 x 2.0 x 1.2 m
Railings: Mild Steel Section: 150 x 150 x 10 mm
AVS Drive System: 22-kW, 1450 rpm, 3 phases, chain drive
Carriage dimension (LxWxD): 1.90 m × 1.90 m × 1.00 m
Total weight: 160 kg (approx..).
Forward or reverse with emergency STOP
Speed: 0.04 to 6 m/s with hydraulic depth controls up to 200 mm
Structure of the Trolley: Capable adapting any soil engaging implement
Provided with Water sprinkler with water tank
It is made with four wheels spaced in such a way that mounted implements move on the soil bin carriage at uniform depth is able to carry any other soil engaging implement being used in the soil bin during testing.
Test Trolley is Capable of Adapting any Standard Accessories
Hydraulic depth controls up to 200 mm.
3 HP variable speed electrical motor with necessary chain and sprocket arrangement for rotary tool testing.
The tool carriage system is a detachable unit fitted to the implement carriage sub-system for the purpose of attaching any soil engaging implement with rake angle adjuster and tool bar for tine or blade mounting.
The Soil levelling blade is a reinforced, rigid, plane steel board with light curvature to provide sufficient strength.
The compaction roller contains ballast in order to increase the weight appreciably designed to be coupled to the implement carriage sub-system to compact the soil in the bin in layers during field tests.
The spiked roller has the same dimensions as the compaction roller with spikes is used for penetrate the soil during experimentation for maintaining the soil structure after sprinkling water on the soil.
Manual Mode:
Inching the trolley in both forward & reverse directions at programmable inch speed. Forward & Reverse end stop by limit switches.
Auto Mode:
On pressing Start, the trolley travels forward at set speed to end limit position & stop. If Return Push Button is pressed, the trolley returns to reverse end limit.
The testing set up consists of different types of sensors/transducers to measure characteristics of soil with the help of special customized instruments, PLC & SCADA, PLC Main Unit, Control Panel will have DELTA or equivalent AC Variable Speed Drive, MCB, Line Choke, Mains isolation Contactor, Relays, Push Buttons, Indicating Lamps etc.
The system consists of following sensors:
Force Measurement Load Cell (Compression/Tension): Range 2500 N to 10000 N, Accuracy: 1 N, Output: 3 mV/V, Output compatibility: 4-20mA
Soil Moisture Measurement sensors: Time Domain Transmission (TDT), Power : 10 V DC, Accuracy: Using correct calibration curve 0.2%, Measurement volume in soil: 6 Litres of cylindrical, Output capacity: 4-20 mA DC, Temperature range: 0-50 degree C, Pressure range: Atmospheric, Signal Transmission: 4 mA to 20 mA
RTD Soil Temperature Sensors: Duplex PT-100, Length of RTD element below the nipple: 400 to 1800 mm, Length of thermowell: 500 to 2000 mm depth, Oil filled, Range: 0-100 degree C, Accuracy: 0.2% FSD, at Atmospheric pressure (Maximum 10 kg/cm2) and max. temperature of 50 degree C
Soil Sinkage/Porosity sensor: Temperature range: 0 to 50 degree C, Pressure range: Atmospheric, Signal output:4-20 mA DC, Power : 24 V DC and 230 V
Linear speed measurement based on Dopler-Lader System: Carriage speed; 1 m/s, Output compatibility with system: 4-20 mA DC
Angular Speed Measurement: Range: 1000 RPM, Accuracy: 1 RPM (Optical Encoder plus Toothed wheel), Output compatibility: 4-20 mA DC
Torque sensors: Motor 20 kW, Overload: 150%, Maximum overload Torque: 300%, Output compatibility: 20 mA DC, Accuracy: 0.2% FS
Soil conductivity measurement; Range: 0-2000 mS/cm, Accuracy: 0.1& FSD, Temperature range: 0-50 degree C, Pressure range: Atmospheric, Signal output: 4-20 mA DC, Output compatibility: 4-20 mA DC, Power 24 V DC, and 230 V, IP 65
Soil Density Measurement: Temperature range: 0 to 50 degree C, Pressure range: atmospheric, Density range: 5-1.75 gm/cc, Signal output: 4-20 mA, Preferable signal transmission: 4 mA to 20 mA two wire, Transmission superimposed with 24 V DC Power, Enclosure: IP65, Sensor life: to be specified, Power supply available at installation base: 24 V DC / and 230 V
Soil Sinkage and Expansion Transducer: Protection: IP 68, Type: Non contact, Output compatibility: 4-20 mA DC, Range: 0.7 to mts, Temperature range: up to 60 degree C
Signal Cables: 1.5 mm2, Armored Voltage grade: 600 V/1100 V
Control Cables: 2 core x 1.5 mm2, Armored Voltage grade: 1100 V
Other instruments: Cone Penetrometer, Soil profile meter and planimeter, Strain gauge amplifiers,
Data Acquisition System: Load cells, sensors, probes and transducers are installed in designated places on the implement carriage and tool carriage systems, outputs interfaced to a computer system/ Laptop which can receive, monitor, display and store the measured signals, which include below indicators/display and automation systems:
